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Bottom Quark

1977
PhysicsQuantum Field Theory & Particle PhysicsEmpirical Resultfoundational

Discovery of the Upsilon resonance at 9.5 GeV by Leon Lederman's E288 collaboration at Fermilab (1977), confirming the bottom quark predicted by the 1973 Kobayashi-Maskawa six-quark model, which required a third generation of quarks to accommodate CP violation.

Discovery Velocity

Normalized OpenAlex paper velocity, one point per year.

Originators

  • Leon M. Lederman

Landmark Paper

W2056183028 ↗
Not retracted (OpenAlex)

Checked 2026-08-30 — interim signal only, see docs/BASIC_ROADMAP.md Phase 10

Connections

No verified edges into the applied tree or elsewhere in Basic yet — never rendered as fabricated, just absent.