← Back to Claims
InterpretationUnknown — conflicting evidence

Moderate increases in the legal minimum wage do not cause significant employment losses among low-wage workers

Weak-link patterns

Brief §8's named failure modes, computed from this claim's own paper roles and status -- not a single weakness score. Patterns B and E aren't implemented yet (need dependency-graph machinery, docs/BASIC_ROADMAP.md Phase 11).

C: Conflicting evidence

stored status is 'unknown_conflicting'

F: Influential paper, later repeatedly contradicted

flagship 'The Effect of Minimum Wages on Low-Wage Jobs*' (2592 citations) vs 4 contradicting row(s) of 10 total (needs >=3 contradicting)

Open questions

Pattern G. Human-written, never generated -- deliberately no importance or priority score (docs/BASIC_ROADMAP.md's own precedent against inventing one, matching innovation_considerations).

Does the employment effect of a minimum-wage increase depend on local labor-market monopsony power, which would explain why methodologically credible studies reach opposite conclusions?

Motivated by: Pattern C (conflicting evidence) and Pattern F (highly-cited original and successors, repeated contradicting studies on both sides)

Evidence map

Position shows direction, circle area shows citation count. Click a paper for the reason its role was assigned.

INTERPRETATIONCLAIMUnknown — conflicting…Conceptual replication — success The Effect of Minimum Wages on Low-Wage Jobs* 2,592 citationsCengiz 20192,592 citesDirect replication — success Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fast-Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania: Reply 2,246 citationsCard 20002,246 citesOriginal Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fast Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania 1,972 citationsCard 19931,972 citesConceptual replication — success Minimum Wage Effects Across State Borders: Estimates Using Contiguous Counties 1,232 citationsDubé 20101,232 citesConceptual replication — failure Revisiting the Minimum Wage—Employment Debate: Throwing Out the Baby with the Bathwater? 484 citationsNeumark 2014484 citesConceptual replication — failure Effects of the Minimum Wage on Employment Dynamics 443 citationsMeer 2015443 citesIndependent replication — failure Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fast-Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania: Comment 363 citationsNeumark 2000363 citesConceptual replication — failure Minimum-Wage Increases and Low-Wage Employment: Evidence from Seattle 107 citationsJardim 2022107 citesReview / meta-analysis What Does the Minimum Wage Do? 248 citationsBelman 2014248 citesReview / meta-analysis Minimum Wages and Employment: A Review of Evidence from the New Minimum Wage Research 138 citationsNeumark 2006138 cites
SupportsDisconfirmsSynthesisCircle area ∝ citation count

Evidence dimensions

Eight independent 0–5 judgments, each with a written rationale. Deliberately never summed into one score.

Evidence strength

A large, high-quality, directly-on-point quasi-experimental literature whose strongest studies disagree with each other. Contested evidence, not thin evidence.

Replication (any kind)

Three decades, many independent teams, repeated re-examination of the original episodes and many new ones.

Independent replication

Scored strictly per the same-paradigm definition: the one independent same-paradigm re-examination reversed the result; the confirming Reply was by the original authors. Most confirming work is conceptual and does not count here.

Methodological triangulationscored retroactively

Among the most methodologically triangulated questions in empirical economics - border discontinuity, bunching estimators, panel fixed effects, administrative payroll data, city-level natural experiments. Direction excluded by definition.

Methodological quality

Identification standards high on both sides and rising; large administrative datasets standard. Docked one point - pre-registration is rare in the field and specification choice is itself contested.

Predictive success

Holds reasonably at moderate minimum-to-median ratios; the literature does not successfully predict effects at high ratios, which is where estimates diverge most.

Consensus

Genuinely split, and durably so rather than transitionally. Expert opinion moved toward 'small effects' without arriving at agreement.

Alternative explanations ruled out

Monopsony and competitive-model accounts both live, plus well-articulated competing explanations for the divergence itself (specification choice, regional controls, publication bias).

Scored by human.

Why this status

The derivation rule, evaluated top to bottom, first match wins. This is the rule itself — not a confidence score standing in for one.

  1. 1
    Unknown — unexplored

    10 paper rows (needs <3) and evidence_strength=3 (needs <=1); both required

  2. 2
    Unknown — conflicting evidencematched

    (a) 1 failure vs 1 success rows -> fires; (b) 2 review rows — opposite-verdict test is a human judgment, not a count; (c) 3 conceptual failure vs 2 conceptual success, 1 original -> fires (balanced)

  3. 3
    Unknown — underdeterminednot reached

    alternative_explanations=2 (needs <=1) AND evidence_strength=3 (needs >=3)

  4. 4
    Establishednot reached

    independent_replication=1 (>=4), evidence_strength=3 (>=4), consensus=2 (>=4)

  5. 5
    Strong, domain-limitednot reached

    evidence_strength=3 (>=4) AND independent_replication=1 (>=3), plus a written scope limit (human judgment)

  6. 6
    Active consensus, incompletenot reached

    consensus=2 (>=4) AND (methodological_quality=4 <=3 OR alternative_explanations=2 <=2)

  7. 7
    Plausible, under active investigationnot reached

    independent_replication=1 (needs ==2) AND evidence_strength=3 (needs 2-3), plus recent activity (human judgment)

  8. 8
    Speculativenot reached

    7/10 rows are empirical (needs 0) AND evidence_strength=3 (needs <=1)

  9. 9
    Preliminarymatchednot reached

    10 non-theoretical row(s) exist AND independent_replication=1 (needs <=1)

Recorded rationale

v3 rule 2 - all three clauses fire: (a) 1 independent_replication_failure vs 1 direct_replication_success, balanced with at least one of each (first time clause (a) has fired on real data in any pilot); (b) two review rows with documented opposite verdicts (Belman & Wolfson 2014 vs Neumark & Wascher 2006); (c) three conceptual_replication_failure rows plus an original. Naive citation-only guess was 'established'; divergence material. Pilot 3 (economics, gap-discovery; prior familiarity disclosed HIGH).